The city has long been a popular attraction for tourists. Electricity is supplied by generators that are fueled with oil. [5], The Cuban government controls the movement of people into Havana on the grounds that the Havana metropolitan area (home to nearly 20% of the country's population) is overstretched in terms of land use, water, electricity, transportation, and other elements of the urban infrastructure. [9], The city is the center of the Cuban government, and home to various ministries, headquarters of businesses and over 100 diplomatic offices. Havana was given the title of "City" in 1592 and was confirmed as the Capital in 1607. The port also supports a considerable fishing industry. However, contrary to events in Europe, Cuba's communist government persevered through the 1990s and persists to this day. The Karl Marx Theater with its large auditorium have a seating capacity of 5,500 spectators, is generally used for concerts and other events, it is also one of the venues for the annual Havana Film Festival. [78], According to the 2012 official census (the Cuban census and similar studies use the term "skin colour" instead of "race"). While most museums of Havana are situated in Old Havana, few of them can also be found in Vedado. The national government assumes all responsibility for education, and there are adequate primary, secondary, and vocational training schools throughout Cuba. On December 20, 1592, King Philip II of Spain granted Havana the title of City. The National Theater includes two main theatre stages, the Avellaneda Auditorium and the Covarrubias Auditorium, as well as a smaller theatre workshop space on the ninth floor. The Cuban National Ballet School with 4,350 students is one of the largest ballet schools in the world and the most prestigious ballet school in Cuba.[107]. [30][31][32][33] By February 4, the death toll had increased to six, with 11 people still in critical condition.[34]. The main railway stations are: Central Rail Station, La Coubre Rail Station, Casablanca Station, and Estación de Tulipán. Alejo Carpentier called Old Havana the place "de las columnas" (of the columns). [96] The government researchers argue that "poverty" in most commonly accepted meanings does not really exist in Cuba, but rather that there is a sector of the population that can be described as "at risk" or "vulnerable" using internationally accepted measures. [44] Numerous collapses have resulted in injuries and deaths due to a lack of maintenance and crumbling structures.[45]. [61] The neighborhood was booming with Chinese restaurants, laundries, banks, pharmacies, theaters and several Chinese-language newspapers, the neighborhood comprised 44 square blocks during its prime. The lowest temperature was 1 °C (34 °F) in Santiago de Las Vegas, Boyeros. Art Deco started in the lush and wealthy suburbs of Miramar, Marianao, and Vedado.[46]. The principal theatre is the García Lorca Auditorium, with seats for 1,500 and balconies. Mosquitoes abounded. One more interesting note about that edition of, This page was last edited on 25 January 2021, at 02:00. [103] Ridership decline resulted in bankruptcy in 1950 with new owner Autobus Modernos SA abandoning systems in favor of buses and sold the remaining cars were sold to Matanzas in 1952. The Havana Riviera Hotel (1957) designed by Igor B. Polevitzky, a twenty-one-story edifice, when it opened, the Riviera was the largest purpose-built casino-hotel in Cuba or anywhere in the world, outside Las Vegas (the Havana Hilton (1958) surpassed its size a year later). [111] Nevertheless, Havana's infant mortality rate in 2009 was 4.9 per 1,000 live births,[5] 5.12 in the country as a whole, which is lower than many developed nations,[112][113] and the lowest in the developing world. The Museum of the Revolution (Museo de la Revolución), designed in Havana by Cuban architect Carlos Maruri, and the Belgian Paul Belau, who came up with an eclectic design, harmoniously combines Spanish, French and German architectural elements. [104], The city's road network is quite extensive, and has broad avenues, main streets and major access roads to the city such as the Autopista Nacional (A1), Carretera Central and Via Blanca. Cuba's first capital was Santiago de Cuba. [86][failed verification] Chinese born/ native Chinese (mostly Cantonese as well) are around 400 presently. The Cuban's Chinese boom ended when Fidel Castro's 1959 revolution seized private businesses, sending tens of thousands of business-minded Chinese fleeing, mainly to the United States. [17] As typical of Cuba, Havana experiences a tropical climate. [67] The Museum has ten permanent exhibit halls. The first echoes of the Art Deco movement in Havana started in 1927, in the residential area of Miramar. Other food-processing industries are also important, along with shipbuilding, vehicle manufacturing, production of alcoholic beverages (particularly rum), textiles, and tobacco products, particularly the world-famous Habanos cigars. Old Havana was also protected by a defensive wall begun in 1674 but had already overgrown its boundaries when it was completed in 1767, becoming the new neighbourhood of Centro Habana. The year 1928 marked the beginning of the reaction against the Spanish Renaissance style architecture. [64] Its artistic heritage is made up of over 45,000 pieces.[65]. Many believed the revolutionary government would soon collapse, as happened to the Soviet satellite states of Eastern Europe. [100] The Cuban press showed the construction project and the course route, linking municipalities and neighborhoods in the capital. región, jun to a Cuba, don de está vigente la pena capital. Recently this name is mostly being used as a girls name, but historically it's a unisex's name. But light manufacturing facilities, meat-packing plants, and chemical and pharmaceutical operations are concentrated in Havana. "Habana" redirects here. Describe the weather in each capital and your current location. Translate The capital of cuba. It is often compared to the Bacardi Building in Old Havana, built two years before the López Serrano Building, because of their similarity in massing and central tower. codru.eu. True To provide equal distribution to all citizens, the purchase of groceries in Cuba is controlled by the government, and then kept track of in a rations book. [62] It has a well defined written welcoming sign in Chinese and Spanish. The López Serrano Building was the tallest residential building in Cuba until the construction of the FOCSA in 1956. A noteworthy elevation is the 200-foot-high (60-metre) limestone ridge that slopes up from the east and culminates in the heights of La Cabaña and El Morro, the sites of colonial fortifications overlooking the eastern bay. [60] After completing 8-year contracts, many Chinese immigrants settled permanently in Havana. 1076[28]). The city was sacked again by French pirates led by Jacques de Sores in 1555. Havana, on average, has the country's highest incomes and human development indicators. a cigar made in Cuba or of Cuban tobacco. Such attacks convinced the Spanish Crown to fund the construction of the first fortresses in the main cities – not only to counteract the pirates and corsairs, but also to exert more control over commerce with the West Indies, and to limit the extensive contrabando (black market) that had arisen due to the trade restrictions imposed by the Casa de Contratación of Seville (the crown-controlled trading house that held a monopoly on New World trade). [5] In 2009, there were 1,924 people living with HIV/AIDS in the city, 78.9% of these are men, and 21.1% being women. The San Carlos and San Ambrosio Seminary (18th century) is a good example of early Spanish influenced architecture. a [ah-vah-nah]. There are now just two countries in the world where Coca-Cola cannot be bought or sold – at least … The translation is wrong or of bad quality. There is only one political party, the Communist Party, but since there must be a minimum of two candidates, members of the Communist Party often run against each other. any transfer of state properties, although the public economic assets are found mainly in the hands of one corporation, the armed forces, which forms part of the State, but which is not the State itself. In Old Havana, effort has also gone into rebuilding for tourist purposes, and a number of streets and squares have been rehabilitated. [5] According to the census of 2012, the population was 2,106,146. 2007. The city has several large sports stadiums, the largest one is the Estadio Latinoamericano. The lowest recorded temperature in Cuba was 0 °C (32 °F) in Bainoa, Mayabeque Province (before 2011 the eastern part of Havana province). In Cuba the restoration of capital has followed the road of limited foreign investment and there has virtually not been any transfer of state properties, although the public economic assets are found mainly in the hands of one corporation, the armed forces, which forms part of … [68] It is now home of the National Ballet of Cuba and the International Ballet Festival of Havana, one of the oldest in the New World. [46] The Edificio Bacardi, (1930) is thought to be the best example of Art-deco architecture in the city and the first tall Art Deco building as well,[46] followed by the Hotel Nacional de Cuba (1930) and the López Serrano Building in 1932. The con-urbanization expanded over the Havana municipality borders into neighbor municipalities of Marianao, Regla and Guanabacoa. HAVANA — Some 1,200 people living in the capital of Cuba identify as Jewish. Surrounding it are the former palaces of the Count de Casa-Bayona (1720–1746) Marquis de Arcos (1746) and the Marquis de Aguas Claras (1751–1775). This is not a good example for the translation above. The temperature seldom drops below 10 °C (50 °F). [...] inversió n en Cuba en l a cuales se soli cita capital extr anjero. Havana Show popularity chart Havana is the capital city of Cuba. Havana lies on the northern coast of Cuba along the Straits of Florida, south of the Florida Keys, where the Gulf of Mexico joins the Atlantic Ocean. The Casa de Africa presents another aspect of Cuba's history, it houses a large collection of Afro-Cuban religious artifacts. Havana operated a tram system until 1952, which began as a horsecar system, Ferro Carril Urbano de la Habana in 1858,[102] merged with rival coach operator in 1863 as Empresa del Ferro-Carril Urbano y Omnibus de La Habana and later electrified in 1900 under new foreign owners as Havana Electric Railway Company. In the second half of the 18th century, sugar and coffee production increased rapidly, which became essential in the development of Havana's most prominent architectural style. The neo-classical mansion of the Countess of Revilla de Camargo, today it is the Museum of Decorative Arts (Museo de Artes Decorativas), known as the "small French Palace of Havana" built between 1924 and 1927, it was designed in Paris inspired in French Renaissance. In total, Havana has around 50 museums, including the National Museum of Music; the Museum of Dance and Rum; the Cigar Museum; the Napoleonic, Colonial and Oricha Museums; the Museum of Anthropology; the Ernest Hemingway Museum; the José Martí Monument; the Aircraft Museum (Museo del Aire). Havana is served by José Martí International Airport. Hospitals in Havana are run by the national government, and citizens are assigned hospitals and clinics to which they may go for attention. codru.eu. The FOCSA Building was finished in 1956. China donated the materials in the late 1990s. Apartment buildings to accommodate the new middle class, as well as mansions for the Cuban tycoons, were built at a fast pace. [88] Havana also shelters other non-Cuban population of an unknown size. There are direct elections for deputies to the National Assembly based on slates, and a portion of the candidates is nominated at the local level. INV, Havana. The present condition of many buildings in Havana has deteriorated since the 1959 Revolution. [52] Old Havana and its fortifications were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1982. Most slum units are concentrated in the inner-city municipalities of Old Havana and Centro Habana, as well as such neighbourhoods as Atarés in Regla. Under the Köppen climate classification, Havana has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) that closely borders on a tropical rainforest climate (Af). As trade between Caribbean and North American states increased in the early 19th century, Havana became a flourishing and fashionable city. Convenciones Capitolio de La Habana. [13], Contemporary Havana can essentially be described as three cities in one: Old Havana, Vedado and the newer suburban districts. The FFCC connects Havana with all the provinces of Cuba. [4] The city has a population of 2.1 million inhabitants,[5][4] and it spans a total of 781.58 km2 (301.77 sq mi) – making it the largest city by area, the most populous city, and the fourth largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean region. The Airport lies about 11 kilometres (7 mi) south of the city center, in the municipality of Boyeros, and is the main hub for the country's flag carrier Cubana de Aviación. foreign investment and there has virtually not been. For other uses, see, "Havanese" redirects here. Buildings in Old Havana and Centro Habana are especially exposed to the elements: high humidity, the corrosive effects of salt spray from proximity to the coast, and occasional flooding. For the dog breed, see, C Cumo. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet. In 1863, the city walls were knocked down so that the metropolis could be enlarged. Barrio Chino was once Latin America's largest and most vibrant Chinese community,[56][57][58] incorporated into the city by the early part of the 20th century. [99] In 2008 the Cuban government invested millions of dollars for the acquisition of 1,500 new Yutong urban buses. In the late 1990s Vedado, located along the atlantic waterfront, started to represent the principal commercial area. [26] The US occupation officially ended when Tomás Estrada Palma, first president of Cuba, took office on 20 May 1902. [84], The city's significant minority of Chinese, mostly Cantonese ancestors, were brought in the mid-19th century by Spanish settlers via the Philippines with work contracts and after completing 8-year contracts many Chinese immigrants settled permanently in Havana. The furniture comes from Stéphane Boudin, Jean Henri Riesener and several others. In 1649, an epidemic of the often fatal Yellow fever brought from Cartagena in Colombia affected a third of the European population of Havana. The tornado caused extensive damage, destroying at least 90 homes, killing four people and injuring 195. Average temperatures range from 22 °C (72 °F) in January and February to 28 °C (82 °F) in August. Archived from the original on 8 June 2007 . It received papal visits from three successive supreme pontiffs: Pope John Paul II (January 1998), Pope Benedict XVI (March 2012) and Pope Francis (September 2015). [7] Walls as well as forts were built to protect the old city. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Cuba re-emphasized tourism as a major industry leading to its recovery. In 1837, the first railroad was constructed, a 51 km (32 mi) stretch between Havana and Bejucal, which was used for transporting sugar from the valley of Güines to the harbor. [18], Most native settlements became the site of Spanish colonial cities retaining their original Taíno names. The second largest city is Santiago de Cuba. [49] The Edificio Focsa (1956) represents Havana's economic dominance at the time. Other museums in the city include Casa de los Árabes (House of Arabs) and the Casa de Asia (House of Asia) with Middle and Far Eastern collections. 2007. Foreign patients travel to Cuba, Havana in particular, for a wide range of treatments including eye-surgery, neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, and orthopaedics. [92][93] This does not include an estimate of the number of people living in housing in "fair" or "poor" condition because in many cases these units do not necessarily constitute slum housing but rather are basically sound dwellings needing repairs. Kropp Co., Milwaukee, WI, between 1921 and 1939 promoting tourism in Havana, Cuba, can be found in the University of Houston Digital Library, Havana, Cuba, The Summer Land of the World, Digital Collection. After many years of prohibition, the communist government increasingly turned to tourism for new financial revenue, and has allowed foreign investors to build new hotels and develop the hospitality industry. 250 p. The effects of the U.S. embargo on medicines in Cuba have been studied in numerous reports. There is a population of several thousand North African teen and pre-teen refugees.[89]. Vedado is today Havana's financial district, the main banks, airline companies offices, shops, most businesses headquarters, numerous high-rise apartments and hotels, are located in the area. Natives were taken prisoner and forced to do the panning. [54] United Buddy Bears exhibitions are part of a non-commercial and non-profit project. Most examples of early architecture can be seen in military fortifications such as La Fortaleza de San Carlos de la Cabana (1558–1577) designed by Battista Antonelli and the Castillo del Morro (1589–1630). - Havana.¿Cuál es la capital de Cuba? Africans, in particular, have greatly enriched the vocabulary and contributed the soft, somewhat nasal accent and rhythmic intonation that distinguish contemporary Cuban speech. The revolutionary government in general, and Fidel Castro in particular, initially opposed any considerable development of the tourism industry, linking it to the debauchery and criminal activities of times past. Santiago de Cuba is an important sea port second to Havana. Ferries connect Old Havana with Regla and Casablanca, leaving every 10–15 minutes from Muelle Luz (at the foot of Santa Clara Street). In the 1980s many parts of Old Havana, including the Plaza de Armas, became part of a projected 35-year multimillion-dollar restoration project, for Cubans to appreciate their past and boost tourism. [87] There are some 3,000 Russians living in the city; as reported by the Russian Embassy in Havana, most are women married to Cubans who had studied in the Soviet Union. At the end of the 19th century, Havana witnessed the final moments of Spanish colonialism in the Americas. Admission to sporting events is generally free, and impromptu games are played in neighborhoods throughout the city. Many high-rise office buildings, and apartment complexes, along with some hotels built in the 1950s dramatically altered the skyline. It was not a fortuitous choice, for the climate was poor and the region was swampy. [77] The University of Havana is located in Vedado. Use DeepL Translator to instantly translate texts and documents, (ES) Mr President, further to your reference to Guantanamo Bay, I should like to inform the House that a group, Yo quisiera informar a la Cámara de que un grupo de militantes del Movimiento Cristiano de Liberación han sido acorralados, hostigados y asediados en Santiago de Cuba, y quisiera recordarle, como usted sabe, Aerolíneas dijo en un comunicado, los dos hombres, The project -- to be implemented gradually. [29] But Old Havana is a large city, and the restoration efforts concentrate in all on less than 10% of its area. The city extends mostly westward and southward from the bay, which is entered through a narrow inlet and which divides into three main harbors: Mari melena, Guanabacoa and Antares. 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